Communism did not reduce inequality more than other regimes and lowered overall welfare Europe’s welfare capitalism cuts disposable-income gaps through taxes, transfers, and strong delivery systems T…

Vietnam’s public sector still drives too much of the economy, squeezing buffers and deterring investors Korean firms are diversifying as energy shortages, tariff shocks, and policy delays raise risk …

Credible budgets cut inflation Rising defense and debt threaten school funding Multi-year fiscal plans can protect education In May 2010, Greece initiated a significant one-year budget cut in the eur…

Europe must shift from cheap capital to quality allocation Skilled investors channeling funds to R&D lift productivity and GDP far more than lower spreads Deliver it with a safe asset, harmonised

Forecast errors turned a supply shock into larger welfare losses; “look-through” amplified them Make look-through state-contingent with public shock decompositions and automatic triggers Shield schoo…

Local debt collapse and deflation push silent austerity into schools Beijing can prevent a bank crisis, not classroom payroll pain Protect operating budgets, ease family costs, and retool TVET The nu…