Financial

Adjusted deflators reveal hidden gains in US manufacturing productivity The bottleneck is skills, not machines Scale capital-intensive training, stackable credentials, and adult apprenticeships The standard view sugges

Services trade is increasingly borderless and digital Tariffs miss; data rules, licensing, and standards decide access Train for exportable skills and build trust-based regimes to unlock growth In 2024, the world exporte

Firms under competition cut jobs, switch lines, or move tasks offshore Schools need a skills policy for competition: fast, stackable, portable training Fund future-shaping sectors and track outcomes so workers can switch quickly <

Extra information helps only when it adds new, orthogonal signal and is easy to process Central banks and schools should use plain anchors and concrete rules to trigger a Bayesian information update Measure belief shifts, not word counts, and iterate when messages fail to move the posterior

Diverse central bank messages help schools manage borrowing and risk Single-voice guidance can harm welfare via the Hirshleifer effect Adopt disciplined plurality: fixed venues, ranges, and scenario-based planning When

Wage volatility is widespread, especially in low-income, hourly education jobs Fixed-wage mandates shift risk to hours and jobs, not remove it Schools should share risk with guaranteed hours, predictability pay, lawful overtime, and work-sharing

Retail investing is up; teach people to earn the market, not chase alpha. Use low fees, diversification, and cool-off safeguards to curb herding and fraud—especially for seniors Tie curricula to app defaults so good habits are automatic and long-term wealth compounds

Europe isn’t short on capital or degrees; it’s short on TFP The fix is leadership that scales tech, intangibles, and management practice Educators, policymakers, and CEOs should fund intangibles and integrate AI in SME training

Communism did not reduce inequality more than other regimes and lowered overall welfare Europe’s welfare capitalism cuts disposable-income gaps through taxes, transfers, and strong delivery systems Tie school funding, time, and data to disadvantage to shrink learning gaps fast

Credible budgets cut inflation Rising defense and debt threaten school funding Multi-year fiscal plans can protect education In May 2010, Greece initiated a significant one-year budget cut in the euro area, reducing i

Europe must shift from cheap capital to quality allocation Skilled investors channeling funds to R&D lift productivity and GDP far more than lower spreads Deliver it with a safe asset, harmonised disclosure, scale-up capital, and university pipelines that measure quality

Forecast errors turned a supply shock into larger welfare losses; “look-through” amplified them Make look-through state-contingent with public shock decompositions and automatic triggers Shield schools via indexed budgets, pooled energy hedging, and efficiency investments that cut volatile costs

The dollar’s slide is a self-inflicted wound from tariffs, aid cuts, and fiscal drift Market confidence punished these choices, raising costs for campuses and squeezing budgets Fix it with boring credibility: a real fiscal path, rules-based trade, and strategic re-engagement

Local debt collapse and deflation push silent austerity into schools Beijing can prevent a bank crisis, not classroom payroll pain Protect operating budgets, ease family costs, and retool TVET The number that will

Tariff shocks don’t halt trade—they reroute it, reshaping supply chains Those shifts hit education budgets, curricula, and partnerships, demanding “diversification-ready” systems Train for regulatory and logistics literacy, hedge procurement, and build cross-border academic ties

Neural networks rarely beat simple baselines in noisy markets Finance needs transparent models that fail visibly Glass-box practices must be the default In 2025, a new Nature study on stock-market prediction reached a surprising c

Bequests and risk largely drive why households save and work Factor thinking reduces student signals to cashflow, care, schedules, and family transfers Design aid to smooth risks and protect family reserves with fast, income-based plans

A shortage of skilled labor hinders U.S.