Bio & Science

Physical and transition climate risks are orthogonal inside firms Physical risk is geographic and weather-driven; transition risk is policy- and profit-driven Teach and regulate with two dashboards, not one, so budgets and actions match each risk

Older adults lose billions to AI elder fraud each year Biology and deepfake tools amplify impersonation and urgency Add default friction—holds, verification, and reimbursements—to stop wires before money leaves In 2024, Americans

South America faces a $7.3T loss—about a 4% GDP drag—from unhealthy ageing Adopt longevity economics: prevention, midlife reskilling, and age-friendly work from 50–75 Tie funding to health and re-employment outcomes to turn ageing into a growth dividend

ESG moves markets only when rules are binding Subsidies, high capital costs, and weak enforcement favor fossils Make standards mandatory, de-risk finance, and train people to execute The number that tells the story is ninety.

India can secure cheap, reliable evening power at $0.042/kWh with solar plus storage Tariffs and volatile fossil imports make firm renewables the safest growth path Scaling batteries and recycling ensures long-term energy security and stable prices

Cooling classrooms cuts heat-related learning loss but doesn’t reverse falling math scores Pair AC with ventilation, phone-off rules, and morning math blocks for bigger gains Treat HVAC as a policy for instruction and track outcomes to fund what truly boosts achievement

China’s scale and prices now drive Asia’s green transition without Western support Japan and Korea provide the standards, finance, and delivery that make projects bankable ASEAN education should pivot to East Asian hardware, codes, and procurement skills

Eustress—purposeful, controllable challenge—appears to extend healthspan Evidence from royal lifespans and modern biology suggests agency under load, not early exit, supports longevity Replace hard retirement cutoffs with flexible, late-career roles that maximize autonomy, mentoring, and recovery

Masculinity norms shape labour supply, health, and political preferences Germany’s 1940s and Korea’s 2020s show contrasting trajectories Education policy can recalibrate norms and stabilise economies

CBAM sets Europe’s carbon price at the border Asian firms race to cut emissions Europe must share tech and stay efficient Every few decades, shifts in trade rules alter the competitive landscape.

Aging turns housing scarcity into surplus New-build bias sidelines older homes and erodes value A 'refurbish-first' policy can turn empty properties into affordable assets

The EU and Asia Pacific should move from competition to surplus-sharing in green energy Tools like carbon contracts and CBAM credits can ensure fair distribution of benefits This strategy will enhance investment and strengthen global partnerships

Credit ratings focus too much on climate promises rather than actual outcomes Droughts, heat, and supply-chain shocks strain economies and public finances Agencies must incorporate measurable climate impacts into sovereign ratings

This article was independently developed by The Economy editorial team and draws on original analysis published by East Asia Forum. The content has been substantially rewritten, expanded, and reframed for broader context and relevance. All views expressed are solely those of the author and do not represent the official position of East Asia Forum or its contributors.

This article is based on ideas originally published by VoxEU – Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) and has been independently rewritten and extended by The Economy editorial team. While inspired by the original analysis, the content presented here reflects a broader interpretation and additional commentary. The views expressed do not necessarily represent those of VoxEU or CEPR.

This article is based on ideas originally published by VoxEU – Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) and has been independently rewritten and extended by The Economy editorial team. While inspired by the original analysis, the content presented here reflects a broader interpretation and additional commentary. The views expressed do not necessarily represent those of VoxEU or CEPR.

This article was independently developed by The Economy editorial team and draws on original analysis published by East Asia Forum. The content has been substantially rewritten, expanded, and reframed for broader context and relevance. All views expressed are solely those of the author and do not represent the official position of East Asia Forum or its contributors.

This article was independently developed by The Economy editorial team and draws on original analysis published by East Asia Forum. The content has been substantially rewritten, expanded, and reframed for broader context and relevance. All views expressed are solely those of the author and do not represent the official position of East Asia Forum or its contributors.

This article is based on ideas originally published by VoxEU – Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) and has been independently rewritten and extended by The Economy editorial team. While inspired by the original analysis, the content presented here reflects a broader interpretation and additional commentary. The views expressed do not necessarily represent those of VoxEU or CEPR.

This article is based on ideas originally published by VoxEU – Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) and has been independently rewritten and extended by The Economy editorial team. While inspired by the original analysis, the content presented here reflects a broader interpretation and additional commentary. The views expressed do not necessarily represent those of VoxEU or CEPR.