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Europe’s AI Sovereignty Stack

Europe’s AI Sovereignty Stack

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Figure 1: Two routes to the same goal, with very different capital requirements.

Related article: Europe in the AI Value Chain: Little Capital, a Lot of Talent and the Choice of Open Weights

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Two Routes to European AI Sovereignty

Two Routes to European AI Sovereignty

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Figure 2: The model layer carries the exposure that infrastructure spending cannot remove.

Related article: Europe in the AI Value Chain: Little Capital, a Lot of Talent and the Choice of Open Weights

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Regional Shares of Global AI Compute Capacity, 2025 to 2031

Regional Shares of Global AI Compute Capacity, 2025 to 2031

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Figure 8. China gains share while Europe stays near 6 percent.

Related article: Europe in the AI Value Chain: Fiscal Limits, Untapped Talent and the Case for Open Weights

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Operational and Projected AI Compute Capacity by Region, 2025 to 2031

Operational and Projected AI Compute Capacity by Region, 2025 to 2031

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Figure 1. Europe's capacity grows tenfold but stays far behind.

Related article: Europe in the AI Value Chain: Fiscal Limits, Untapped Talent and the Case for Open Weights

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Mistral AI Funding Rounds and Cumulative Capital Raised, 2023 to 2025

Mistral AI Funding Rounds and Cumulative Capital Raised, 2023 to 2025

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Figure 7. One 2025 round exceeded all earlier funding combined.

Related article: Europe in the AI Value Chain: Fiscal Limits, Untapped Talent and the Case for Open Weights

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Shares of Global Patent Applications by Economy, 2021

Shares of Global Patent Applications by Economy, 2021

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Figure 6. Europe files patents at close to U.S. levels.

Related article: Europe in the AI Value Chain: Fiscal Limits, Untapped Talent and the Case for Open Weights

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Original and Revised Application Dates of EU AI Act Obligations

Original and Revised Application Dates of EU AI Act Obligations

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Figure 5. High-risk rules slipped by up to sixteen months.

Related article: Europe in the AI Value Chain: Fiscal Limits, Untapped Talent and the Case for Open Weights

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Announced Defense Spending Paths of Large European Allies, 2026 to 2035

Announced Defense Spending Paths of Large European Allies, 2026 to 2035

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Figure 4. Only Germany and the UK plan paths to 3.5 percent.

Related article: Europe in the AI Value Chain: Fiscal Limits, Untapped Talent and the Case for Open Weights

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